Book Description

This publication focuses on soil treatment for residential construction using lime, cement, ground granulated blastfurnace slag and coal fly ash. Whilst the application of soil treatment has been common for road and airport construction since the 1970s in the UK, its use in residential application has been more limited. This guidance draws on available knowledge and provides information on the technical issues to be reviewed when considering the use of soil treatment.
The guidance is intended to inform developers, engineers and other building professionals considering the use of soil treatment and wanting to learn more about the subject and its application. It also suggests a regime of validation and testing to support the review of suitability and appropriateness of the technique.

Contents:
Glossary
PART I: INTRODUCTION
1 Overview
2 Background
3 Purpose and objectives
PART II: PRINCIPLES OF SOIL TREATMENT
4 History
5 The basis of soil treatment
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Lime
5.3 Cement
5.4 Ground granulated blastfurnace slag (ggbs)
5.5 Coal fly ash
5.6 CEM II, III, IV and V cements
5.7 Hydraulic road binders (HRB)
5.8 European Standards
5.9 Construction methods
6 Current guidance and specifications for soil treatment in highways
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Highways England requirements and guidance for treated capping layers
6.3 Highways England requirements and guidance for treated earthworks
6.4 Highways England requirements for treated sub-base
6.5 BS EN 14227-15:2015
7 Experience of hydraulically treated fill for housing
7.1 BRE good practice for untreated fill
7.2 Actual experience of the use of soil treatment in housing
PART III: DESIGN
8 Overview
9 Soils and treating agents: suitability and compatibility
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Sulfate/sulfide issues
9.3 Shrinkage and swelling
9.4 Constructibility
9.5 Low-plasticity clays, silty soils, clayey/silty sandy soils, collapsible soils like loess and brick earth
9.6 Organic/peaty soils
10 Suggested design protocol for housing
10.1 Optimum compaction with minimal air voids
10.2 Freedom from volume change
11 Suggested laboratory design process for housing
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Soils with PI < 25, organic content < 2%, TPS < 0.25%
11.3 Soils with higher organic and TPS contents than allowed by Table 1
11.4 Soils with PI > 25
PART IV: REALISATION IN THE FIELD
12 Site investigation to establish soil characteristics and suitability
12.1 Introduction and desktop evaluation
12.2 Site investigation, sampling and testing
12.3 Material classification and consistency
12.4 Testing for sulfates and sulfides
12.5 Testing for organics
13 Construction
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Construction recommendations
14 Laboratory mixture design
14.1 General
14.2 A suggested laboratory procedure
14.3 Soils with 0.25% < TPS < 0.5%
14.4 Soils with PI > 25
15 Construction control
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Testing for MCV, moisture content, organic matter, grading, plasticity, sufates, pH of soil before treatment
15.3 Checks on stabiliser spread rates using collecting trays/sheets
15.4 Checks on homogeneity of treatment
15.5 Checks on pulverisation of mixture
15.6 Checks on MCV/moisture content
15.7 In situ density measurement
16 Verification of treatment
17 Ancillaries
17.1 Roads and drainage
17.2 Remedials
17.3 Sustainability
17.4 Environmental and health & safety considerations
18 References and bibliography
18.1 References
18.2 Bibliography
PART V: APPENDICES
Appendix A: Hydraulically treated soil projects where expansion occurred
Appendix B: Highways England protocol for soil treatment
Appendix C: Actual use of hydraulically treated soil under house foundations
Appendix D: Performance properties for hydraulically treated soils