Book Description

Manufacture of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements requires less energy than conventional Portland cements and produces lower carbon dioxide emissions. This report presents background information on these cements, and reports on practical work to assess their performance in concrete.

The research aimed to balance environmental impact, cost and physical properties. It demonstrates that CSA cements can be used to produce durable concrete with physical properties comparable to equivalent Portland cement concrete. Two main aspects were investigated: blends of CSA cement with materials such as ground granulated blastfurnace slag and calcium sulfate, which have been found to have good physical properties and to be suitable for use in precast concrete manufacture; and CSA cement with a high iron content allowing a wider range of raw materials to be used in manufacture. 80 pages.

Contents:

Executive summary
1 INTRODUCTION
2 PORTLAND CEMENT MANUFACTURE
Background; CO2 emissions from Portland cement manufacture; Total CO2 emissions from cement manufacture
3 BELITE-BASED CEMENTS
Belite-calcium sulfoaluminate cements; Belite-sulfoaluminate-ferrite cements; CSA and FAC cements in China; Materials availability
4 OVERVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMMES
Range of compositions
5 LAFARGE B2 MIXES
Initial assessment; Long-term testing programme; Castle Cement work on B2 concretes
6 LAFARGE BELITE - CSA - FERRITE CEMENTS
Background; Properties of concrete; Compressive strength development; Effects of carbonation on strength development; Carbonation; Oxygen permeability; Dimensional stability; Freeze-thaw resistance; Sulfate resistance; Chloride ingress; X-ray diffraction (XRD)
7 LABORATORY MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS
8 ROOFING TRIAL
9 PRECAST CONCRETE PRODUCT MANUFACTURING TRIALS
Introduction; Laboratory research; Production trial; Photographs - a diary record; Finished product testing
10 TESTS ON CAST STONE MIXES
11 CEMENTS FROM CHINA
Introduction; Cements used; Tests carried out using CSA and FAC; Studies carried out on cements A to D; Discussion; Blends with ggbs and pfa
12 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
13 REFERENCES